Subcontractors In The Construction Projects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Subcontractors In The Construction Projects. Answer: Purpose: The authors of the paper has attempted at investigating the impact that is cited in theproject management after the implication of multi-layer chain subcontracting system. Additionally, the paper has also focused on identifying the reasons behind the poor performance of the project management in the construction industry of the Hong Kong after implementing the discussed system. Method: The reviewed article has adopted primary data collection method to collect the data in which both the quantitative and qualitative data have been collected. The paper has adopted remedial research approach and interpretivism as the research philosophy along with deductive designing of the paper. The data sampling has adopted both the likelihood and non-likelihood method. Key Concept: The authors in the paper claim that the adopting the discussed system can offer the advantage of gaining multiple skills without investing hugely in the training purpose. On the contrary, the paper also suggests that subcontracting is the reason for the low rate of project success in the construction industry of Hong Kong. Findings: The findings after evaluating the data reveal that the improper use of the subcontracting is one of the significant reason behind the low success ratio of the Hong Kong construction industry. Additionally, five major factors were determined that were responsible for the negative impact cited by the discussed system on the time frame of the project and can also increase the overall cost of the project. Finally, the impact of the discussed system on the coordination and communication reveals that with an increase in the number of subcontractors, the effective communication and coordination decreases. Implication/Significance/Scope: On reviewing the article, it is evident that the role of the subcontractors cannot be ignored and proper attention should be given to them to ensure the success of a project. Additionally, the article and its recommendations can be implemented in the real-life scenario to ensure successful project completion within time and budget. Reflection: The reviewed article is a well-informed and practised one and also offers viable information that can prove of great significance in the real world scenario. The only disadvantage identified in the paper is the lack of practicality. The detailing of the analysis of the data and graphs to cite the finding would have been more appropriate. Purpose: The motivation for the reviewed paper came from the gap in the literature about the issues that the subcontractors face in the dire economic situations, and hence they decided to pursue the discussed purpose. The core purpose pursued by the authors in the paper is to identify the factors that are crucial for the survival of the subcontractors. Method: The paper took consideration of the secondary data collection method as part of the data collection method and concept-indicator model to identify and compare the variables. The philosophy adopted to pursue with the paper is positivism while the designing has been done based on the deductive research designing. Additionally, theoretical saturation was equipped to obtain the size of the data. Key concepts: The reviewed article has argued that the contractors or the project managers do not take appropriate consideration of the subcontractors which result in unwanted situations for the latter. The authors have also claimed that the selection of the subcontractors is based on the cost factor rather than the quality factor. Findings: The findings of the paper have categorised eight different categories consisting of 34 factors that are viable for the survival of the subcontractors. The eight categories are financial capital, legal framework, demand, geographic scope, project delivery system, managerial assets, human assets and relationship assets. Implications/Significance/Scope: The paper has proved that the owners and primary contractors do not give the desired attention to the wellbeing of the subcontractors and hence, the latter adopt unethical means to sustain themselves in the long run. The unethical means are related to the offering of the inferior resources (raw products, human and others) which can ultimately result in quality issues for the project, or in specific case project failure. Hence, the discussed report has paved the way for further scholarly work and identified a crucial factor for the real-world implication that can be included in the project management to avoid project failures. Reflection: The reviewed article is well-researched and well-presented one whose findings can be used in the real world to gain an advantage in project management. However, the structuring and sectioning of the reviewed article cites scope of improvement and should have been given further attention by the authors. Another notable, fact about the paper is lack of proper referencing that raises question over the reliability of stated data. Purpose: Ko (2013) in the reviewed research article is pursuing the objective of the developing Evolutionary Fuzzy Neutral Networks to forecast the subcontractors performance and in the process facilitate an improved decision-making process for the project. Method: The author of the reviewed article has adopted the inductive design for the offered report, and the selected philosophy is interpretivism. The author has also taken the assistance of the AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems to pursue the researchs goal. The introduction of the paper suggests that some previous scholarly work has also been researched to collect the necessary data for the reviewed paper. Key concepts: The core concept that drives the research work is the authors perception of technology and how it can support the success of projects. Another one of the core concepts of the paper suggests that one of the critical responsibility of the primary contractor is selection of appropriate subcontractors based on the need of the project need and subcontractors past work into account. Findings: The author of the paper after completing the developing process of the aimed system to predict the performance of subcontractors implemented the system in an organisation of Taiwan. The findings from the real-world application of the developed system that it offered more accurate predictions related to the performance of the subcontractors than the previous modules such as the NNs (neural networks) or FL (fuzzy logic). It was also evident that the time consumed in the prediction process was less compared to its counterparts. Both of the findings integrate together to enhance the organisational decision-making based on the subcontractors. Implications/Significance/Scope: The reviewed article has offered a model that can be used to predict the performance of the subcontractors which is more accurate and time-efficient than its predecessors and hence can be used in the real-world applications to enhance project success rate. Additionally, based on the reviewed model, other models can be derived (such as stakeholders response to change conflict and similar predictions) that can assist in predicting other CSFs for the project success. Reflection: The paper is full of practicality and hence, is not understandable to the readers of non-technical background. However, the readers with a technical background will enjoy the well-structured and well-designed paper. The practical implementation of the developed system also increases the reliability of the paper and its offerings. Purpose: The authors of the paper has attempted at identifying the impact that contractual flexibility (CF) cites on different modes of conflicts. The attempt to investigate CFs correlation with project success along with examining the relationship between the conflicts and project t success ratio has been made. Method: The paper has adopted primary quantitative data collection method to collect the data. The research design for the paper is deductive while the philosophy is positivism and the sampling of data has adopted likelihood method. The analysis of the data has been done by structural equation modelling technique. Key concepts: The author has argued over the need of the need of contractual processes for association with the heterogeneous stakeholders to ensure conflict-free project completion. The need of flexibility in contracts are shouldered on efficiency, reduction in expenditure and managing the risk and the absence of former may lead to project failure. Findings: The findings reveal that the CF (both process and term flexibility) were positively correlated to the project success ratio. It is also evident from the research that with an increase in the conflictual efficiency the above-discussed relation started to weaken. The results also cite that all of the conflicts pose an adverse effect on the success rate of the project. Additionally, the results reveal that CF can acquire two paths for project completion, the first includes CF and project success while the second takes account of CF, conflicts and project success. The first path is desirable, and on the contrary, the latter should be avoided. Implications/Significance/Scope: The reviewed research has offered an idea over the negative impact that conflicts associated with the contractual flexibility have on the project success, and the readers will be motivated to adopt measures to avoid such circumstances from developing. Additionally, the findings from the paper can be used to maintain stable contractual flexibility and pursue further scholarly work to develop measures to avoid conflicts associated with the contractors. Reflection: The reviewed article has discussed a much-needed topic in the project management and has even paved ways for new researches. The structuring and sectioning of the paper are also appreciable while appropriate referencing offers reliability to the paper. The paper is well-researched and needs no further improvement. Critical analysis Theme Tam, Shen and Kong (2011) Oviedo-Haito et al. (2013) Ko (2013) Wu, G. et al. (2018) Relationship Improper use of subcontracting is directly related to project failure. The relation between contractual flexibility and project success. The change about the introduction of conflicts. Advanced Decision Making The subcontractors should take their decision of associating with a project based on their long-term sustainability rather than availability. The prediction system can assist, the project manager in deciding on the selection of the subcontractors. Tools Techniques Using AI, a system has been developed to predict the performance of the subcontractors. Parameters Cost and delay are the parameters that get influenced by improper management of subcontractors. 34 factors are viable for the survival of subcontractors. Table 1: Critical Analysis of the Reviewed Papers (Source: Created by Author) Based on the reviewed article and identifying the research gap, the proposed topic for research is IMPACT OF SUBCONTRACTING IN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. References Tam, V.W., Shen, L.Y. and Kong, J.S., 2011. Impacts of multi-layer chain subcontracting onproject management performance.International Journal of Project Management, 29(1), pp.108116. Wu, G., Z Ghao, X., Zuo, J. and Zillante, G., 2018. Effects of contractual flexibility on conflict and project success in megaprojects.International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(2), pp.253278. Ko, C.H., 2013. Predicting subcontractor performance using web-based evolutionary fuzzy neural networks.The Scientific World Journal,2013. Oviedo-Haito, R.J., Jimnez, J., Cardoso, F.F. and Pellicer, E., 2013. Survival factors for subcontractors in economic downturns.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,140(3), p.04013056.